BITCOIN

DESCRIPTION OF EVENTS

"In August 2010, Bitcoin’s source code was exploited by someone who to this day remains anonymous. Enter block 74,638, the fateful block that created 184,467,440,737.09551616 Bitcoin, with two addresses receiving just over 92 billion Bitcoin each—92,233,720,368, to be specific."

"The anomaly was quickly spotted on the Bitcoin Talk forum by Jeff Garzik, a Bitcoin developer who today is the CEO of Bloq. The issue was termed an “overflow bug”; the code for checking Bitcoin transactions didn't work if outputs were large enough that they overflowed when summed."

"The bug that caused the "value overflow incident" was corrected very quickly. It took just five hours before a “soft fork” was rolled out, which reset the Bitcoin blockchain to before the bugged block and included code to reject output value overflow transactions."

"A soft fork is a blockchain update. Since the Bitcoin community forked the state of the blockchain before the 184 billion Bitcoin was mined, that means that some blocks that were previously valid were turned into invalid blocks, removing them from the blockchain and restoring it to an earlier state."

"The fork erased all transactions and mining that had been recorded on blocks that were produced after the bugged block. It also disposed of the 184 billion bugged Bitcoin. The update, Bitcoin patch 0.3.10, was implemented by Bitcoin’s pseudonymous creator, Satoshi Nakamoto himself (or herself, or themselves)."

"The rapid implementation of the patch was vital in keeping Bitcoin a viable cryptocurrency. 184 billion Bitcoin would have devalued the currency completely, leaving it at the mercy of the person holding the newly-minted Bitcoin. Even if the breach happened today, the amount of bugged Bitcoin would completely dwarf the current supply of the cryptocurrency, making any Bitcoin worthless."

"Bitcoin also benefited from this exploit being patched close to its inception, since taking the Bitcoin network offline could be done without significant consequences."

"The exploit and subsequent soft fork didn’t dent the price of Bitcoin. Indeed, Bitcoin actually experienced a surge over 2010; its price increased by over 300% between the day of the patch and the end of the year (from $0.07 to $0.30). That Satoshi himself intervened, and did so so quickly, showed that Bitcoin was not as easily hackable as some might have assumed and built confidence in a concept which up to that point remained untested."

"To this day, the person behind the exploit remains unknown, and due to the anonymous nature of the blockchain there is no way to trace them. Despite their anonymity, they are still a significant individual in the history of blockchain—quite possibly the first ever blockchain hacker."

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In August 2010, Bitcoin's source code was exploited by an anonymous individual, resulting in the creation of an enormous amount of Bitcoin in block 74,638—specifically 184,467,440,737.09551616 Bitcoin, distributed to two addresses. Bitcoin developer Jeff Garzik noticed this anomaly and termed it an "overflow bug," where the code failed to check transactions if outputs overflowed during summation. This prompt action preserved Bitcoin's value and prevented potential devaluation caused by the exploit. The incident didn't impact Bitcoin's price negatively; in fact, its value increased over 300% from $0.07 to $0.30 between the patch and year-end 2010. Satoshi's quick intervention demonstrated Bitcoin's resilience and bolstered confidence in the concept.

https://newsletter.banklesshq.com/p/stoppable-finance-lite (Oct 11)
The Day Someone Created 184 Billion Bitcoin - Decrypt (Jul 26)
Stoppable Finance [LITE] - by Donovan Choy - Bankless (Jul 24)
@lopp Twitter (Aug 15)

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